Three primary methodologies are typically used in utility construction, locating, and maintenance: Trenching, Potholing, and Keyholing.
Trenching
Excavation of a trench to accommodate an underground utility. Trenches vary in depth - typically shallow for seasonal irrigation lines, but can be several feet deep to avoid frost with water or sewer lines.
Potholing
Excavation to pinpoint the location of an underground facility.
Keyholing
Specialized potholing to locate and repair underground facilities. Typically performed on roadway surfaces to minimize pavement damage.
To learn more about the use of compressed air-powered excavation for utility/construction work, see the full Utility Technical Applications Bulletin.